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Installing FreeBSD Ports
This is to serve as a quick reference guide to installing FreeBSD ports. While there are many ways to do this, these work for me.
Personally I prefer to do a minimum installation when setting up a BSD server. This way I can configure ground up 100% of the services so I know what is installed and what is not. When going through such a route, you will need to setup the initial ports collection as it is not installed. You can set this up through your installation CDROM or you can download these off of the internet.
Initial Setup of Ports for Minimum Installations
It should be noted that csup will update the ports library if its is already installed, but will not rebuild the ports. For initial setup or update, run the following:
csup -g -L 2 -h cvsup.FreeBSD.org /usr/share/examples/cvsup/ports-supfile
This command will install/update directly from FreeBSD's port collection. While it is easier to leave the default settings alone, you can actually create your own ports file containing only the ports you want. For example, you can #ports-all and remove the comment to only the lines belonging to what you need. If your running a webserver, in most cases there is no reason to have the X packages installed, therefore you can just leave those commented out.
Using portsnap to install and update
This will download a compressed snapshot of the ports collection and store it in /var/db/portsnap.
portsnap fetch
This will extract the downloaded snapshot and install into your ports collection.
portsnap extract
And of course, if you have already installed your ports collection you can run that to update the ports.
portsnap update
Installing Ports through sysinstall
If you are not familiar with sysinstall, it is the post configuration utility you used when installing your system. If you did not install your Operating System, it is a utility designed for installation and configuring of utilities and system services.
First type sysinstall then select Configure
sysinstall +----------- FreeBSD/i386 7.1-RELEASE - sysinstall Main Menu -----------+ | Welcome to the FreeBSD installation and configuration tool. Please | | select one of the options below by using the arrow keys or typing the | | first character of the option name you're interested in. Invoke an | | option with [SPACE] or [ENTER]. To exit, use [TAB] to move to Exit. | | +-------------------------------------------------------------------+ | | | Usage Quick start - How to use this menu system | | | | Standard Begin a standard installation (recommended) | | | | Express Begin a quick installation (for experts) | | | | Custom Begin a custom installation (for experts) | | | |-->Configure Do post-install configuration of FreeBSD<-- | | | | Doc Installation instructions, README, etc. | | | | Keymap Select keyboard type | | | | Options View/Set various installation options | | | | Fixit Repair mode with CDROM/DVD/floppy or start shell | | | | Upgrade Upgrade an existing system | | | | Load Config Load default install configuration | | | | Index Glossary of functions | | | +-------------------------------------------------------------------+ | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | [ Select ] X Exit Install | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
Next select distributions
+---------------------- FreeBSD Configuration Menu -----------------------+ | If you've already installed FreeBSD, you may use this menu to customize | | it somewhat to suit your particular configuration. Most importantly, | | you can use the Packages utility to load extra "3rd party" | | software not provided in the base distributions. | | +---------------------------------------------------------------------+ | | | X Exit Exit this menu (returning to previous) | | | |->Distributions Install additional distribution sets<-- | | | | Packages Install pre-packaged software for FreeBSD | | | | Root Password Set the system manager's password | | | | Fdisk The disk Slice (PC-style partition) Editor | | | | Label The disk Label editor | | | | User Management Add user and group information | | | | Console Customize system console behavior | | | | Time Zone Set which time zone you're in | | | | Media Change the installation media type | | | | Mouse Configure your mouse | | | | Networking Configure additional network services | | | | Security Configure system security options | | | | Startup Configure system startup options | | | | TTYs Configure system ttys. | | | | Options View/Set various installation options | | | | HTML Docs Go to the HTML documentation menu (post-install) | | | | Load KLD Load a KLD from a floppy | | | +---------------------------------------------------------------------+ | +-------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | [ OK ] Cancel | +-----------[ Press F1 for more information on these options ]------------+
Next scroll to ports and hit space to place the [x]
+----------- Select the distributions you wish to install. -----------+ | Please check off the distributions you wish to install. At the | | very minimum, this should be "base". | | +-----------------------------------------------------------------+ | | | <<< X Exit Exit this menu (returning to previous) | | | | All All system sources, binaries and X Window System | | | | Reset Reset all of the below | | | | [ ] base Binary base distribution (required) | | | | [ ] kernels Binary kernel distributions (required) | | | | [ ] dict Spelling checker dictionary files | | | | [ ] doc Miscellaneous FreeBSD online docs | | | | [ ] games Games (non-commercial) | | | | [ ] info GNU info files | | | | [ ] man System manual pages - recommended | | | | [ ] catman Preformatted system manual pages | | | | [ ] proflibs Profiled versions of the libraries | | | | [ ] src Sources for everything | | | | [X] ports The FreeBSD Ports collection | | | | [ ] local Local additions collection | | | | [ ] X.Org The X.Org distribution | | | +-----------------------------------------------------------------+ | +---------------------------------------------------------------------+ | [ OK ] Cancel | +---------------------------------------------------------------------+
Next scroll back up to exit and press Enter
+----------- Select the distributions you wish to install. -----------+ | Please check off the distributions you wish to install. At the | | very minimum, this should be "base". | | +-----------------------------------------------------------------+ | | | <<< X Exit Exit this menu (returning to previous)<-- | | | | All All system sources, binaries and X Window System | | | | Reset Reset all of the below | | | | [ ] base Binary base distribution (required) | | | | [ ] kernels Binary kernel distributions (required) | | | | [ ] dict Spelling checker dictionary files | | | | [ ] doc Miscellaneous FreeBSD online docs | | | | [ ] games Games (non-commercial) | | | | [ ] info GNU info files | | | | [ ] man System manual pages - recommended | | | | [ ] catman Preformatted system manual pages | | | | [ ] proflibs Profiled versions of the libraries | | | | [ ] src Sources for everything | | | | [X] ports The FreeBSD Ports collection | | | | [ ] local Local additions collection | | | | [ ] X.Org The X.Org distribution | | | +-----------------------------------------------------------------+ | +---------------------------------------------------------------------+ | [ OK ] Cancel | +---------------------------------------------------------------------+
Next you will select your installation media
+----------------------- Choose Installation Media -----------------------+ | FreeBSD can be installed from a variety of different installation | | media, ranging from floppies to an Internet FTP server. If you're | | installing FreeBSD from a supported CD/DVD drive then this is generally | | the best media to use if you have no overriding reason for using other | | media. | | +---------------------------------------------------------------------+ | | | 1 CD/DVD Install from a FreeBSD CD/DVD | | | | 2 FTP Install from an FTP server | | | | 3 FTP Passive Install from an FTP server through a firewall | | | | 4 HTTP Install from an FTP server through a http proxy | | | | 5 DOS Install from a DOS partition | | | | 6 NFS Install over NFS | | | | 7 File System Install from an existing filesystem | | | | 8 Floppy Install from a floppy disk set | | | | 9 Tape Install from SCSI or QIC tape | | | | X Options Go to the Options screen | | | +---------------------------------------------------------------------+ | +-------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | [ OK ] Cancel | +------[ Press F1 for more information on the various media types ]-------+
The method for installation will be up to you. One thing to note here is that if your installing from any media other than directly through FreeBSD's mirrored servers, you could be installing out of date ports. If this is the case, it is generally good practice to run the 'portsnap update' utility when this has completed.
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When the only tool you own is a hammer, every problem begins to
resemble a nail.
-- Abraham Maslow